Material · Oxide

Dysprosium and Terbium Oxides

Separated heavy rare earth oxides used to raise the temperature performance of NdFeB magnets; the chain's tightest chokepoint.

Facts on this page last re-verified Aug 11, 2026 — the oldest verification date among its current claims. How we verify.

Elements

Rare earth recycling and refining (mixed magnet and concentrate feed): output

Heavy rare earth (Tb/Dy oxide) expansion: output

Rare earth refining and separation (light and heavy): output

Demonstration plant - magnet recycling and separation (operating): output

Commercial magnet recycling plant (announced; pre-FID, not built): output

Heavy rare earth separation (planned): output

Heavy rare earth separation (small-scale line): output

Rare earth separation (planned): output

Rare earth metallization (oxide to metal): input

Dysprosium and terbium refining: input

Dysprosium and terbium refining: output

E-waste NdFeB magnet rare earth recovery: output

Rare earth elements recycled-feedstocks line: output

Rare earth elements primary-feedstocks separation line: output

Sept-Iles rare earth separation plant (planned): output

RapidSX rare earth separation (Production Line 1): output

U.S. Geological Survey · published Jan 1, 2025 · retrieved Aug 11, 2026 · archive